Pavlov and Skinner are primarily associated with which theory?

The theory most closely associated with Pavlov and Skinner is Behavioral Modification. This theory centers on the idea that behavior can be changed and modified through various techniques. Pavlov is renowned for his work on classical conditioning, where he demonstrated how a neutral stimulus could elicit a response when paired with an unconditioned stimulus. His famous experiments with dogs showed that behaviors could be learned through association.

Skinner built on these principles with his research on operant conditioning, where he explored how reinforcement and punishment can influence behavior. By using rewards or consequences, he demonstrated how to increase or decrease specific behaviors.

The application of Behavioral Modification techniques can be seen in various fields, including education, therapy, and behavioral management, making it a robust theory in understanding and altering human behavior. In contrast, the other options refer to different psychological theories or approaches not directly tied to their foundational work.