Which theory emphasizes job satisfaction and working without direction?

The theory that emphasizes job satisfaction and working without direction is known as Y Theory. This theory, developed by Douglas McGregor, suggests that employees are inherently motivated, seek responsibility, and are capable of self-direction when they are committed to the objectives of their organization. Advocates of this theory believe that if employees are provided with the right conditions, they will be motivated to achieve high levels of performance and job satisfaction.

Y Theory contrasts with X Theory, which assumes that employees are primarily motivated by extrinsic factors, such as monetary compensation and job security. This view suggests that workers are generally unwilling to take responsibility and require direction and oversight. Z Theory, on the other hand, represents a more holistic approach to management, focusing on the employee's role within the organization and emphasizing long-term employment and collective decision-making.

Therefore, Y Theory’s focus on intrinsic motivation and self-direction aligns with the concepts of job satisfaction and autonomy in the workplace, making it the correct choice in this context.